Faiyaz Ahmad

  print ("Enter first number")  f1 = input ()  print ("Enter second number")  f2 = input ()  print ("Sum of these two numbers is",   int(f1) + int(f2))  #Output of this program  Enter first number  21  Enter second number  8  Sum of these two numbers is 29

  Newton's Method to find Square root Let the given number be b and let x be a rough guess of the square root of b.  New x = 0.5 * (x + b/x) Program Code def newton_method(number, number_iters = 100):     a = float(number)      for i in range(number_iters):          number = 0.5 * (number + a / number)      return number a=int(input("Enter first number:")) b=int(input("Enter second number:")) print("Square root of first number:",newton_method(a)) print("Square root of second number:", newton_method(b)) Output Enter first number:81 Enter second number:5 Square root of first number: 9.0 Square root of second number: 2.23606797749979

  General coding guidelines provide the programmer with a set of the best methods which can be used to make programs more comfortable to read and maintain. Most of the examples use the C language syntax, but the guidelines can be tested to all languages. The following are some representative coding guidelines recommended by many software development organizations. 1. Line Length:  It is considered a good practice to keep the length of source code lines at or below 80 characters. Lines longer than this may not be visible properly on some terminals and tools. Some printers will truncate lines longer than 80 columns. 2. Spacing:  The appropriate use of spaces within a line of code can improve readability. Example: Bad:         cost=price+(price*sales_tax)                 fprintf(stdout ,"The total cost is %5.2f\n",cost); Better:       cost = price + ( price * sales_tax )      ...

  General coding standards refers to how the developer writes code, so here we will discuss some essential standards regardless of the programming language being used. The following are some representative coding standards: Indentation:  Proper and consistent indentation is essential in producing easy to read and maintainable programs. Indentation should be used to: Emphasize the body of a control structure such as a loop or a select statement. Emphasize the body of a conditional statement Emphasize a new scope block Inline comments:  Inline comments analyze the functioning of the subroutine, or key aspects of the algorithm shall be frequently used. Rules for limiting the use of global:  These rules file what types of data can be declared global and what cannot. Structured Programming:  Structured (or Modular) Programming methods shall be used. "GOTO" statements shall not be used as they lead to "spaghetti" code, which is hard to read and maintain, except as out...

Following are the characteristics of Programming Language: Readability:  A good high-level language will allow programs to be written in some methods that resemble a quite-English description of the underlying functions. The coding may be done in an essentially self-documenting way. Portability:  High-level languages, being virtually machine-independent, should be easy to develop portable software. Generality:  Most high-level languages allow the writing of a vast collection of programs, thus relieving the programmer of the need to develop into an expert in many diverse languages. Brevity:  Language should have the ability to implement the algorithm with less amount of code. Programs mean in high-level languages are often significantly shorter than their low-level equivalents. Error checking:  A programmer is likely to make many errors in the development of a computer program. Many high-level languages invoke a lot of bugs checking both at compile-time and run-t...

  To translate the design of system into a computer language format:  The coding is the process of transforming the design of a system into a computer language format, which can be executed by a computer and that perform tasks as specified by the design of operation during the design phase. To reduce the cost of later phases:  The cost of testing and maintenance can be significantly reduced with efficient coding. Making the program more readable:  Program should be easy to read and understand. It increases code understanding having readability and understandability as a clear objective of the coding activity can itself help in producing more maintainable software. For implementing our design into code, we require a high-level functional language. A programming language should have the following characteristics: